Like Maharaj, thousands of Indian males have been incorrectly diagnosed as 'unable to reproduce' because of incorrect diagnosis of their sperm count and quality. Experts say misdiagnosis is one of the reasons why increasing number of couples are opting for in-vitro fertilization procedures instead of trying for natural conception.
For instance, the World Health Organization says a man with a semen count of 15 million and more can reproduce. In India, however, some diagnostic labs still consider 20 million as the lower cutoff for infertility.
To tackle this problem, the WHO has begun conducting workshops in different Indian cities, where embryologists are given short-term training on the latest guidelines about minimum sperm count required for reproduction and the scales of measurement for the quality of male reproductive cells.
"WHO's latest guideline on semen analysis is more evidence-based and reflects the fertility potential of males more accurately. These clearly show that minimum sperm concentration required for reproduction is 15 million sperm per ml," said WHO expert Daniel Franken in Delhi on Tuesday.
Similarly, Dr Franken said, the new guidelines have defined the quality of sperm in more absolute terms. "But lab reports continue to follow impression-based analysis which is subjective and not accurate," he added.
The WHO expert said semen analysis is the basis of evaluation and management of the infertile couple and is often the only investigation done for the male partner. It often determines the course and nature of treatment.
According to Gaurav Mazumdar chief embryologist at Sir Ganga Ram hospital, 20%-30% of patients coming to the centre with a negative semen analysis report end up conceiving naturally.
"Many patients come heartbroken thinking they can never have their own child or seek IVF. But when further analysis is conducted, the sperm count and other parameters are found to good enough for reproduction," he said.
Dr Suneeta Mittal, former lead of AIIMS IVF centre, said that sperm counts are generally lower among men these days due to stress, exposure to environmental pollutants, alcohol abuse and other lifestyle problems. But that doesn't mean everyone requires an IVF procedure to get a child, she added.
Research shows there has been a fall in the average sperm count of the Indian male, from 60 million per ml to 20 million, over the last three decades. Also, the number of normal cells in a person has reduced by more than one-third.
"New guidelines show one can reproduce even if 4% of sperm cells are normal," Mazumdar said.
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